March 13, 2006
Mental typewriter
A computer controlled by the power of thought alone has been demonstrated at a major trade fair in Germany.
The device could provide a way for paralysed patients to operate computers, or for amputees to operate electronically controlled artificial limbs. But it also has non-medical applications, such as in the computer games and entertainment industries.
The Berlin Brain-Computer Interface (BBCI) – dubbed the "mental typewriter" – was created by researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute in Berlin and Charité, the medical school of Berlin Humboldt University in Germany. It was shown off at the CeBit electronics fair in Hanover, Germany.
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Home >> Machine LearningFebruary 20, 2006
Artificial Gene Design
A web-based program that simplifies many tricky steps involved in designing artificial DNA has been released by US microbiologists.
The software suite, called GeneDesign, should make it easier for researchers to modify and study DNA. The cost of gene synthesis is rapidly falling with dozens of companies around the world now offering to create genes to order from the chemical components of DNA.
GeneDesign was created by researchers led by Jef Boeke at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, US. It simplifies and automates several key steps of DNA design.
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Home >> Machine LearningFebruary 09, 2006
Biology inspires perceptive machines
Teaching a machine to sense its environment is one of the most intractable problems of computer science, but one European project is looking to nature for help in cracking the conundrum. It combined streams of sensory data to produce an adaptive, composite impression of surroundings in near real-time.
The team brought together electronic engineers, computer scientists, neuroscientists, physicists, and biologists. It looked at basic neural models for perception and then sought to replicate aspects of these in silicon.
"The objective was to study sensory fusion in biological systems and then translate that knowledge into the creation of intelligent computational machines," says Martin McGinnity, Professor of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Director of the Intelligent Systems Engineering Laboratory (ISEL) at the University of Ulster's Magee Campus and coordinator of the Future and Emerging Technologies(FET) initiative-funded SENSEMAKER project of the IST programme.
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Home >> Machine LearningFebruary 03, 2006
Transistors Powered by Single Electrons
Scientists have demonstrated the first reproducible, controllable silicon transistors that are turned on and off by the motion of individual electrons. The experimental devices, designed and fabricated at NTT Corp. of Japan and tested at NIST, may have applications in low-power nanoelectronics, particularly as next-generation integrated circuits for logic operations (as opposed to simpler memory tasks).
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Home >> Machine LearningJanuary 21, 2006
Magnetic Levitation Transport
Magnetic levitation transport, or maglev, is a form of transportation that suspends, guides and propels vehicles via electromagnetic energy. This has advantages in terms of speed and ride comfort compared to wheeled mass transit systems - potentially, maglevs could reach velocities comparable to turboprop and jet aircraft (500 – 580 km/h) - but although the idea is decades old, technological and economic limitations have caused relatively few full-scale systems to be built. Maglev technology has minimal overlap with wheeled train technology and is not compatible with conventional railroad tracks.
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Home >> Machine LearningJanuary 06, 2006
The Walrus
DARPA's Walrus program to develop and evaluate a very large airlift vehicle has moved forward; DARPA announced the contractors for the first phase of the program. Despite detailed early descriptions of "war-balloons" in late nineteenth century science fiction, this isn't your father's (not to mention great-grandfather's) dirigible airship. According to DARPA's press release, "the Walrus aircraft will be a heavier-than-air vehicle and will generate lift through a combination of aerodynamics, thrust vectoring and gas buoyancy generation and management."
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Home >> Machine LearningDecember 13, 2005
Intelligent Energy Control
What is good with self-learning systems is that they keep getting better and better over time. An energy conservation solution, from Lightwave Technologies, using artificial intelligence could provide big savings for Irish industry.
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Home >> Machine LearningSeptember 26, 2005
Brainy Communicator
The research project Brainy Communicator is the first of its kind in Singapore that would allow the user to control the computer via brain activity, without any use of hands, legs or voice. Together the Society of Physically Disabled (SPD) and the Institute of Infocomm Research (I²R) hope to find a solution for people with complete loss of limb movement using neuroscience methods and computer technology in order to access the computer.
Essentially, the Brainy Communicator acts as an interface which allows severely handicapped people the freedom to communicate with computers by reading a person's thoughts. The interface picks out what the user is thinking and types it out on the computer. There are no needles, injections or medication involved, hence it is non-invasive. Participants of the Brainy Communicator will be adults above 16 years with severe physical disabilities, mainly: those who suffer from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and tetraplegia.
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Home >> Machine LearningSeptember 22, 2005
Non-silicon computing
Silicon and binary logic have taken us a very long way. They form, as they say, the paradigm of a computer. But the paradigm has some drawbacks – the time it takes to tackle non-linear problems such as database searching and image processing, for example, and power consumption. There are other, much more flexible computers around.
The one in your head is a great example, but we couldn’t begin to design a device based on a similar architecture, in which simple structures – in this case neurons – combine to create complex behaviours. While God knows how the brain handles data, it probably isn’t limited to binary.
At the University of the West of England (UWE) in Bristol, Dr Larry Bull, a computer scientist, doesn’t really care what base it uses. Bull is investigating the computational behaviour of collections of rat neurons, trying to probe the system to work out how to control it and get it doing useful things. What exactly is going on in the neural network from a logical point of view, is of limited concern.
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Home >> Machine LearningSeptember 19, 2005
Can Spies Decipher Keyboard Clicks?
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, have found a way to turn the clicks and clacks of typing on a computer keyboard into a startlingly accurate transcript of what exactly is being typed.
In a paper released last week, the researchers explained how they developed software that could analyze the sound of someone typing on a keyboard for just ten minutes and then piece together as much as 96 percent of what had been typed.
The technique works because of the simple fact that the sound of someone striking an "a" key is different from the sound of striking the "t," according to Doug Tygar, a professor of computer science at Berkeley. "Think of a conga drum. If you hit a conga drum on different parts of the skin, it makes a different tone," he said. "That's an analogy for what's happening here, because there's a plate underneath the keyboard [that is] being struck in different locations."
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Home >> Machine LearningSeptember 09, 2005
Peugeot Moovie
The Moovie was created by a Portuguese designer, André Costa, and was voted as the best project among 3,800 entries.
The main reasons for the award were the original style, expressing a clear allegiance with the Marque, and its many innovations which make it a genuine future prospect.
The Peugeot likeness is shown subtly, since André Costa cleverly used the U, which usually frames the lion on the front of the Marque’s models.This presentation is even more astute, since here the U structures the passenger compartment, connecting the generous front windscreen to the rear windscreen in a single line.
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Home >> Machine LearningAugust 17, 2005
Brains, cancer and computers
The race is on to apply machine learning to biology. The starting gun was fired in 2002 when research company Correlogic stunned the medical world with the announcement of a vastly improved test for detecting ovarian cancer. The new test was simple - a few drops of blood are all that's required - yet reliable. What made it truly remarkable was that the test was discovered by machine. This formed a key theme at this month's International Joint Conference in AI (IJCAI) at Edinburgh.
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Home >> Machine LearningJuly 18, 2005
Virtual Culture
Virtual computer characters more accustomed to battling deranged alien monsters are about to take part in a unique social experiment.
A society of virtual "agents” - each with a remarkably realistic personality and the ability to learn and communicate - is being crafted by scientists from five European research institutes who hope to gain insights into the way human societies evolve.
The project, known as – or – brings together experts in artificial intelligence, linguistics, computer science and sociology. It is backed by a consortium consisting of the and in the UK, Tilberg and Universities in the Netherlands and in Hungary.
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Home >> Machine LearningJune 22, 2005
The next generation of prosthetics
Every week, 3,000 people lose a limb. They join the more than 4 million American amputees living in the United States. Prosthetics can help, but they're a far cry from the real thing.
Jay Martin, of Scott Sabolich Prosthetics & Research in Oklahoma City says much has been mimicked in prosthetics, but a few things are lacking. One is the control system. Prosthetics don't allow people to have a varied control corresponding to their environment. Secondly, they don't mimic whole natural biomechanical movements independent of the terrain. Martin says with the most advanced technology currently available, the ankle is positioned at a set angle and has a limited range of motion.
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Home >> Machine LearningJune 16, 2005
'Curious' Aibos
Sony has succeeded in giving selected Aibo pet robots curiosity, researchers at Sony Computer Science Laboratory (SCSL) in Paris said last week. Their research won't lead to conscious robots soon, if ever, but it could help other fields such as child developmental psychology, they said during an open day in Tokyo.
More than 50 years ago Alan Turing, considered by many to be the father of computer science, speculated about the possibility of creating synthetic consciousness. Progress has been made with AI (artificial intelligence) systems, which have typically used task-defined learning algorithms that enable programs to define what is good or bad about particular sets of information in relation to achieving preset goals, according to SCSL researcher Frederic Kaplan.
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Home >> Machine LearningJune 15, 2005
Japan's robot-led recovery
Ten teenagers huddled over a Transformer-like robot in a humble classroom are pioneers in a Japanese initiative called "super science", a nationwide effort in public education to nurture future leaders in technology.
While fears are growing that Japan is being overshadowed by the clout of China, along with increasingly successful businesses in other Asian nations, hopes are high for the program, which grants high schools money to pay for their own original technology curriculum.
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Home >> Machine LearningJune 13, 2005
BIONIC MAN
Researchers at Imperial College London are planning to implant tiny computer chips into patients to monitor their condition.
Trials on diabetics are expected to take place by as early as this Christmas.
The "999 chip" will keep an eye on blood sugar levels, transmitting a signal to doctors the instant there is any dangerous change in the patient's condition.
It is the latest development in the field of cyborg technology which began with the very first heart pacemakers in the 1950s.
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Home >> Machine LearningJune 07, 2005
The machine that can copy anything
A revolutionary machine that can copy itself and manufacture everyday objects quickly and cheaply could transform industry in the developing world, according to its creator.
The "self-replicating rapid prototyper," or "RepRap" is the brainchild of Dr. Adrian Bowyer, a senior lecturer in mechanical engineering at the University of Bath in the UK.
It is based on rapid prototyping technology commonly used to manufacturer plastic components in industry from computer-generated blueprints -- effectively a form of 3D printer.
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Home >> Machine LearningJune 06, 2005
IBM Aims To Simulate A Brain
IBM has embarked on a quest for the holy grail of neuroscience--the far-off goal of creating a computer simulation of the human brain.
When the first mammals evolved from reptiles 200 million years ago, one of the biggest changes was inside their heads. Their brain cells were structured together into columns, an innovation that could be repeated like a computer chip to make larger and more powerful minds-- from mice to cats and dogs to humans.
"This was the jump from reptiles to mammals," says Henry Markram, founder of the Brain/Mind Institute at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale in Lausanne, Switzerland. "It was like discovering a G5 processor or Pentium 4 and just copying it."
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Home >> Machine LearningJune 04, 2005
Next-Generation Memory Chip
A team of international scientists has made a gigantic stride forward to develop next-generation memory chips, which are more progressed compared to the current best 60-nanometer products.
The team, participated by Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology professor Kim Sang-ouk, said yesterday that they established a pattern helpful in building the futuristic memory chips.
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Home >> Machine LearningMay 29, 2005
The future is a chip inside your head
Imagine a world where you can never lose your mobile phone because the technology has been implanted in your jawbone; a future where elite football teams play to neurally downloaded tactics and where everything you buy comes with GPS software to help you keep track of it. It may sound like science fiction but, according to a leading academic based in Scotland, it could soon be fact.
Andy Clark, a shock-haired professor of philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, believes his finger is on tomorrow’s pulse. He burst into the academic stratosphere with the 2003 publication of Natural-Born Cyborgs: Minds, Technologies and the Future of Human Intelligence. That book explored the way human minds might interact with emerging technology, instantly becoming both a key scientific text and a crossover hit in the United States, casting Clark in the role of scientific seer.
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Home >> Machine LearningMay 20, 2005
"Machine learning" is Beal’s focus
MIT calls it one of the hot 10 emerging technologies that will change your world: Bayesian Machine Learning. It also happens to be the focal point of research for Matthew J. Beal, who last fall joined the faculty in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
Bayesian Machine Learning is a head-spinning concept based on a mathematical basis for probability inference discovered by 18th-century mathematician and clergyman Thomas Bayes. Today it is used in applications such as tracking the time evolution of cells, gene expression and interaction, and drug development.
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Home >> Machine LearningMay 11, 2005
ROBEA Project
The machine called RABBIT, which resembles a high-tech Tin Man from "The Wizard of Oz," minus the arms, was developed by University of Michigan and French scientists over six years. It's the first known robot to walk and balance like a human, and late last year, researchers succeeded in making RABBIT run for six steps. It has been able to walk gracefully for the past 18 months.
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Home >> Machine LearningMay 05, 2005
Penelope: The Robo-Nurse
Meet “Penelope”, the robo-nurse of the future. With nurse shortages becoming a problem nationwide, Penelope’s creators hope that their creation can help reduce the burden put on nurses.
The robot will not be involved with the actual care of the patients – the most important role of its human counterpart. Instead, its main job will be to help surgeons in the operating room with simple tasks.
Her developers, Michael Treat and his team at Robotic Surgical Tech, Inc., endowed her artificial intelligence specific to surgical situations. Penelope uses voice recognition technology to “listen” for the surgeon’s commands. When the surgeon asks for a scalpel, she repeats the word, and using a visual processing capability, reaches for the tool and hands it to the surgeon.
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Home >> Machine LearningApril 30, 2005
iBOT
INDEPENDENCE® iBOT™ 3000 Mobility System, one of the most scientifically advanced devices of its kind ever brought to market. Power across sand, gravel, grass and other rough terrain…travel easily over curbs…rise to an "eye-level" position where you can reach new heights …climb up and down a flight of stairs -- you can do all this with your iBOT™ Mobility System. Created for people like yourself who want to be more active, this is the first powered mobility system that lets you go more places and do what you love - on your own and with little planning.
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Home >> Machine LearningApril 25, 2005
Wired for the Furture
And you thought airports were hell on regular people. For Steve Mann, renowned University of Toronto engineer and "cyborg," getting on a plane can be a harrowing ordeal - even without the in-flight meal. Mann is a pioneer in the science of "wearable computing." He typically spends his days in a boiler suit stuffed with portable computers and laced with wires. Sensors monitor his vital signs, and a digital visor built like a pair of Ray-Bans augments his vision.
Three years ago, a fully wired Mann was barred by airport security from boarding a flight in Newfoundland. Mann said he was strip-searched and injured by airport staff when electrodes were ripped from his body, and lost $56,800 worth of sensitive equipment. "I was dizzy and disoriented and went downhill from there," he said.
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Home >> Machine LearningApril 17, 2005
CAPTCHA
Computers can do all sorts of amazing things, from searching the Web at an incredible rate to playing chess at a grandmaster level. Yet some tasks that are easy for people to perform remain remarkably difficult for computers. For example, computer programs have a hard time reading distorted text or deciphering images.
In the last few years, computer scientists have worked out an ingenious security scheme that takes advantage of such a mismatch. The scheme relies on computer programs that can, without further human intervention, automatically generate and grade tests that the computer programs themselves can't easily pass. Yet most people generally have no difficulty passing the same tests.
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Home >> Machine LearningApril 08, 2005
Smart Email
A University College Dublin (UCD) scientist has filed a patent application for a new technology that he believes can turn email into a much more effective business tool.
US-born Dr Nicholas Kushmerick, a senior lecturer in the Department of Computer Science at UCD, has developed the technology over the past year during his part-time position as visiting scientist on IBM's Centre for Advanced Studies (CAS) initiative. This is a programme that aims to forge links between the computer maker's Dublin software lab and the academic community in order to turn new technology into marketable products.
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Home >> Machine LearningJanuary 15, 2005
Conversations control computers
Because information from spoken conversations is fleeting, people tend to record schedules and assignments as they discuss them. Entering notes into a computer, however, can be tedious -- especially when the act interrupts a conversation.
Researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology are aiming to decrease day-to-day data entry and to augment users' memories with a method that allows handheld computers to harvest keywords from conversations and make use of relevant information without interrupting the personal interactions.
The researchers have built three prototype handheld computer applications that tap keywords from conversations.
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Home >> Machine LearningJanuary 14, 2005
Supercomputing goes global
Size matters in supercomputers because size translates into speed. And supercomputers are all about speed. The quest for the fastest computer to discover new drugs, crack ciphertext or model global weather and nuclear reactions has set a lot of records in a short time.
Supercomputers are defined loosely by IDC as systems that cost more than US$1 million and are used in very-large-scale numerical and data-intensive applications. Today, their power is measured in trillions of floating-point operations per second, or TFLOPS.
The current world record for computing speed is 70.72 TFLOPS, posted in November by IBM's BlueGene/L system, which is destined for the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. But supercomputers run as much on the testosterone of competition as on DC power, so the latest performance benchmark isn't likely to last very long.
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Home >> Machine LearningJanuary 09, 2005
Tuning The Kernel With A Genetic Algorithm
Genetic algorithms as used in machine learning are modeled after the process of evolution as observed in nature, and are a field within the science of artificial intelligence. The idea is to generate a "population" defined with unique strings of "chromosomes", to test each of these chromosome strings for "fitness", to select a subset of the chromosome strings with the best fitness and use them to create new chromosomes, to apply random mutation to a small subset, and finally to start the process all over again. Over time, all the chromosomes should "evolve" toward having the best possible fitness, as defined by the algorithm.
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Home >> Machine LearningJanuary 05, 2005
Next generation of robots
Robot dogs don't chew the hearth rug and demand to be taken for a walk at inconvenient times. Computerised vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers carry out the tasks that some of us find a bore, others a strain. "All very limited," says Professor Aaron Sloman, from Birmingham University's School of Computer Science. "They can do specific things but none can say why they do it."
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Home >> Machine LearningJanuary 03, 2005
As robots learn to imitate
Can robots learn to communicate by studying and imitating humans’ gestures? That’s what MIRROR’s researchers aimed to find out by studying how infants and monkeys learn complex acts such as grasping and transferring it to robots.
“Our main motivation for the project was to advance the understanding of how humans recognise and imitate gestures,” says Professor Giulio Sandini, coordinator of the three-year IST-funded project, MIRROR. “We did that by building an artificial system that can learn to communicate by means of body gestures.”
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Home >> Machine LearningDecember 13, 2004
The image masters
Israeli brainpower provides much added value to computer software, according to Science magazine, which recently ranked Israeli computer science as the best in the world. And using the same hardware as anyone else, researchers at the Hebrew University's Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science have forged innovations unattained elsewhere.
For example, instead of painstaking manual colorization of old black-and-white movies, the HU whizzes have developed a mathematical algorithm that requires marking images with only a few crude squiggles that in about 10 minutes creates a highly realistic color picture. Another team imitates the natural abilities of the human eye, optic nerve and the brain to depict gradations of light and shadow by using a mathematical algorithm to meld images of various exposures.
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Home >> Machine LearningAugust 28, 2004
I, computer
Imagine playing your favourite shoot-em-up computer game. You've pushed your character through tough fights, taken hits, and you're about to take one last risk that might win you the level. You command your character to go through that final door, but it turns to you and says "No way - I'll get killed!"
Computers that answer back might seem more the realm of science fiction, but Dr Yusuf Pisan, Senior lecturer in the Faculty of Information Technology, is working hard to bring artificial intelligence (AI) to computer game characters, with one eye on future applications which may soon become commonplace.
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